How to Clean Coins You Find While Metal Detecting

There’s nothing quite like the thrill of pulling a coin from the dirt, especially when you’re out metal detecting. Whether it’s a crusty old copper or a shiny silver, that little flash of metal brings an instant rush. You can’t help but imagine where it’s been, who’s dropped it, and just how old it might be.

Before you start scrubbing away, make sure you’re following all the proper rules and regulations for metal detecting in your area. Check out our guide on metal detecting laws for more details. Cleaning coins found while metal detecting isn’t as straightforward as giving them a good scrub in the sink.

Here’s the thing – not all coins are created equal, and giving them a quick polish could cause more harm than good. Some may hold significant historical value, while others are just interesting relics. Identifying your find first is crucial because what you think is a “grubby old coin” could turn out to be a rare piece that loses value if improperly cleaned. You don’t want to be the person who accidentally rubs away half a century of history, do you?

This guide will take you through the best ways to clean your metal detecting finds, ensuring you’re safely removing the grime without damaging the coin itself. Whether it’s a copper penny, a silver shilling, or even a lucky gold piece (we can dream, right?), we’ll cover the safest methods for cleaning coins made from different metals, common mistakes to avoid, and how to properly store your finds to maintain their value and condition.

Why It’s Important to Be Cautious When Cleaning Coins

Now, I know what you’re thinking – “It’s just a bit of dirt, right?” But, when it comes to cleaning coins, less is definitely more. In fact, over-cleaning can turn that exciting new find into a regret faster than you can say “where did the patina go?”

The patina, that natural layer formed on coins over time, isn’t just grime – it’s history. It tells a story, adds character, and, for collectors, it can be a deal-breaker. Strip that patina away, and you might as well be stripping away value too. This is especially true for older, historically significant coins, where overzealous scrubbing could leave you with a shiny, but far less valuable, bit of metal.

For rare or potentially valuable finds, it’s always worth getting professional advice before cleaning. Experts know how to preserve the coin’s integrity while still making it look presentable. Trust me, you don’t want to be the one who turns a rare Victorian penny into a polished button that’s worth less than the toothpaste you used to scrub it!

On the flip side, if you’re cleaning coins for your personal collection and not planning to sell them, you’ve got a bit more freedom. Just remember, the goal is to make your find look presentable, not brand new. Sometimes, a little dirt adds character. Plus, it’s fun to imagine what kind of journey that coin’s been on.

Just like with digging, cleaning your coins requires a gentle hand. Check out our tips on how to dig proper holes to ensure you’re preserving both the land and not damaging your finds.

Pro tip: Don’t overdo it! Coin collectors aren’t shy about shaming anyone who goes too far with the polishing cloth. If you end up with a coin so shiny it blinds you, you’ve probably gone a bit too far!

Methods for Cleaning Different Metal Compositions

Now that we know it’s important to tread carefully when cleaning coins, let’s get into the nitty-gritty (literally). Different metals need different approaches, so before you dive in with soap and water, take a moment to figure out what you’re working with. Whether it’s a tarnished silver shilling or a gold coin that’s seen better days, each requires a specific method to bring out the best while preserving its history.

Silver Coins

Silver coins can be tricky, especially when they’ve been hanging around underground for a century or two. Tarnish is common, thanks to silver’s reaction with sulfur in the soil, and while a shiny coin is tempting, the last thing you want is to damage its value.

The Gentle Approach:
Start with distilled water and a soft brush. You can soak the coin in the water for a few hours to loosen the dirt, then use a soft-bristled toothbrush to gently clean the surface. No scrubbing like you’re washing the dishes – think of it more as persuading the dirt to leave!

The Aluminum Foil and Saliva Trick:
If you’re feeling adventurous (and a bit gross), you can try the aluminum foil and saliva method (tin foil for our UK readers). It might sound like something out of a schoolyard dare, but it works! Wrap the coin in aluminum foil, add a drop of saliva, and gently rub the foil. There’s a chemical reaction between the silver and the foil that helps lift the tarnish. It’s a bit of a science experiment, and the result is surprisingly effective – without harsh chemicals!

A Word of Caution:
Avoid anything too abrasive or acidic. Harsh cleaners like vinegar or lemon juice may seem like a quick fix, but they can do more harm than good, stripping away layers that you can’t get back. Remember, with silver coins, slow and steady wins the race.

Quick Tips for Silver Coins:

• Do use distilled water and a soft brush.
• Don’t use acidic cleaners like vinegar or lemon juice.
• Be gentle and take your time – you can always clean more, but you can’t undo damage.

External resource link: Silver Preservation Tips

Copper and Bronze Coins

Copper and bronze coins are prone to corrosion, which makes cleaning them a delicate process. Corrosion can eat away at the surface, leaving unsightly pitting, so the goal here is gentle cleaning that doesn’t accelerate the damage.

Distilled Water to the Rescue:
Just like with silver, a good soak in distilled water can loosen dirt without causing any harm. Let the coin sit for a day or two, then use a soft toothbrush or cotton swab to gently clean it. You’re not going for sparkle here – just removing surface grime.

Olive Oil – A Cautionary Tale:
You might hear about using olive oil to clean copper or bronze coins. While it can help loosen dirt over time, it can also leave a sticky residue that’s difficult to remove. Plus, over time, olive oil can actually contribute to the deterioration of the coin’s surface. Instead, go for mineral oil, which is less reactive and better for long-term preservation.

Watch Out for Corrosion:
If you spot green or blue corrosion (what’s commonly known as “bronze disease”), proceed with caution. This is a sign of ongoing chemical reactions, and aggressive cleaning could make it worse. If in doubt, consult a professional.

Quick Tips for Copper and Bronze Coins:

• Do use distilled water and mineral oil for gentle cleaning.
• Don’t use olive oil – it can cause long-term damage.
• Watch out for signs of bronze disease and seek expert advice if needed.

Nickel and Brass Coins

Nickel and brass are sturdy metals, but they’re not immune to tarnish and corrosion. Cleaning them is usually straightforward, but there are a few things to keep in mind to avoid damaging their surface.

Soap and Water Works Wonders:
Most nickel and brass coins can be cleaned with soap and warm water. Use a gentle, non-abrasive soap, and make sure to rinse thoroughly with distilled water to prevent any soap residue from leaving streaks. After cleaning, dry the coin completely with a soft cloth – you don’t want to leave any moisture behind.

Avoid Acids:
Just like with other metals, keep acidic cleaners far away. Brass and nickel can react with acids, leading to discoloration or tarnishing that’s nearly impossible to reverse. Stick to soap, water, and a soft touch.

Quick Tips for Nickel and Brass Coins:

• Do use gentle soap and warm water.
• Don’t use acidic cleaners like vinegar.
• Dry thoroughly to prevent tarnish or discoloration.

Gold Coins

Ah, gold – the treasure we all dream of finding! Gold coins are the easiest to clean because gold doesn’t tarnish like other metals. However, that doesn’t mean you can go wild with the scrubbing. Gold is soft, and rough handling can do more damage than good.

Simple Does It:
For gold coins, warm water and soap are your best friends. Rinse the coin gently, give it a light wash, and you’re good to go. Since gold doesn’t react to most chemicals, you don’t need to worry about tarnish, but you should still avoid using anything harsh that could scratch the surface.

Less Is More:
Gold doesn’t need much cleaning, so don’t overdo it. Too much fussing could lead to scratches or damage to any intricate details on the coin.

Quick Tips for Gold Coins:

• Do use warm water and gentle soap.
• Don’t over-clean – gold is soft and easy to scratch.
• Keep handling to a minimum to avoid damage.

Each metal has its own personality, so the key is knowing how to treat them right. Whether it’s silver, copper, nickel, brass, or gold, always err on the side of caution. After all, you can always do more cleaning, but you can’t undo a mistake that strips away valuable detail. And remember – sometimes it’s okay to leave a little dirt behind. It adds character, and hey, a bit of grime is part of the story!

Bad Cleaning Methods to Avoid

We’ve all been there – you’ve found a coin, and you’re itching to make it gleam. But hold on, before you break out the kitchen cupboard cleaners or that old Brasso tin, there are a few methods you’ll want to steer clear of if you don’t want to ruin your find. Here’s what NOT to do when cleaning coins:

Acid Baths: Not a Soak Your Coin Will Thank You For

It might seem tempting to dunk a dirty coin in a vinegar or lemon juice bath. After all, acids are known to cut through grime, right? While that may be true for your household cleaning, it’s bad news for most coins – especially those made of copper or brass. These acids can eat away at the coin’s surface, stripping off more than just dirt. You could end up erasing important details or even causing pitting. Acid baths can also leave your coin looking unnaturally shiny in a bad way, taking away the history that collectors and enthusiasts love to see. So, save the vinegar for your fish and chips, and let your coin hold onto its character.

Brasso and Metal Polishes: The Quick Way to Devalue Your Coin

Brasso or similar metal polishes are fantastic for household brass objects but an absolute no-go for coins. These products are designed to aggressively clean and polish modern metals, which means they can easily wipe out the natural patina that gives older coins their charm and value. Sure, you might end up with a shiny coin, but that gleam comes at the cost of scratches, lost details, and – worst of all – a drop in value. Collectors won’t be impressed with your “super clean” coin if it’s been stripped down to look like a brand-new penny.

Scrubbing with Abrasive Tools: Not the Tough Love Coins Need

A toothbrush with hard bristles, steel wool, or a scouring pad might sound like the answer to getting rid of tough dirt, but trust me, they’re a surefire way to ruin your coin. These tools are far too abrasive and will leave unsightly scratches across the surface. Even a heavy hand with a regular toothbrush can cause damage if you’re not careful. Coins have delicate surfaces, and rough treatment is more likely to erase historical details than reveal them. Stick to softer methods, and resist the urge to scrub like you’re cleaning a frying pan.

Electrolysis Without Experience: A Risky Gamble

Electrolysis is often talked about in the world of metal detecting, and yes, it can work wonders – but only if you really know what you’re doing. It’s a bit like performing surgery; in the wrong hands, it can go very, very wrong. Improper use of electrolysis can strip away layers of the coin’s surface, leaving you with a coin that’s been irreversibly damaged. If you’re determined to give it a go, be sure to practice on low-value coins first or consult a pro before diving in. For those who feel up to the challenge, you can check out some highly rated electrolysis kits for more advanced users.

Creating a Basic Coin Cleaning Kit

Alright, so now that we’ve talked about what not to do, let’s focus on building your very own coin cleaning kit. The good news? You don’t need to break the bank to create a kit that gets the job done without damaging your finds. A few affordable items and you’re set for most coins you’ll come across while metal detecting.

Here’s what you’ll want in your basic kit:

• Distilled Water: Your go-to for soaking coins without leaving behind minerals or impurities that could harm them.
• Soft Toothbrush: The key word here is “soft.” Get the gentlest brush you can find. You’re not scrubbing floors, just coaxing dirt off!
• Cotton Swabs: Perfect for those tiny details where a toothbrush might be too big. Cotton swabs let you be precise without being harsh.
• Mineral Oil: This is a great option for loosening dirt on copper or bronze coins. It’s less reactive than olive oil, which, as we mentioned earlier, can do more harm than good over time.

For those looking to take it a step further, there are professional-grade cleaning kits available. These kits usually include specialized brushes, coin holders, and safe cleaning solutions designed specifically for historical coins. If you’re serious about keeping your finds in tip-top condition, investing in one of these kits might be worth considering.

Now, if you’ve got a few more miles under your metal detecting belt and are looking to explore electrolysis, make sure you know what you’re getting into. Electrolysis can do wonders, but it’s a bit like bringing out the big guns – best reserved for those who have done their homework. It’s powerful and, in the wrong hands, can cause irreversible damage.

Proper Care and Storage After Cleaning

So, you’ve carefully cleaned your coins – great! But now, what’s next? Proper storage is just as important as the cleaning process itself. After all, there’s no point in going through all that effort if your coins just end up corroding again. Let’s go over the key steps to keep your finds in mint condition (pun intended).

Renaissance Wax: The Coin Saver

If you’re serious about preserving your coins, Renaissance Wax is your best friend. Originally developed for museum conservation, this wax forms a protective layer over the coin’s surface without damaging the patina. Applying a light coat of Renaissance Wax after cleaning will help shield the coin from moisture, dust, and air – all of which can cause long-term damage. Just remember, a little goes a long way! You don’t need to cake it on; a thin, even layer will do the trick.

Renaissance Wax Preservation

Silica Gel Packets: The Moisture Busters

Even after all that careful cleaning, moisture remains a major threat to your coins. Enter the humble silica gel packet – those little packets you find in everything from shoeboxes to electronics. They work wonders by absorbing moisture from the air, helping to prevent oxidation and corrosion. Toss a few into the container where you’re storing your coins, and they’ll quietly do their job of keeping everything dry.

Airtight Containers and Coin Capsules: Lock It Down

Once your coins are cleaned and preserved, you’ll want to store them in a way that minimizes exposure to the elements. Airtight containers and coin capsules are perfect for this. They provide a sealed environment where moisture and air can’t get in, protecting your coins from future corrosion or tarnish. Plus, they keep your finds neatly organized and easy to admire whenever you feel like reliving your treasure-hunting adventures.

By taking these simple steps, you can ensure that your coins stay in pristine condition for years to come, preserving both their value and their history.

Importance of Identification Before Cleaning

Before you even think about giving that coin a good scrub, it’s crucial to know exactly what you’ve unearthed. Identifying your find before cleaning is key – not just to determine its potential value, but also to ensure you’re using the safest cleaning method for its material. After all, you don’t want to accidentally damage a rare or historically significant coin because you treated it like an everyday penny! Even iron metal detecting finds can have historical importance and can be rare.

Tools for Identifying Coins

Thankfully, there are plenty of resources out there to help you identify your coin. Start with a good old-fashioned coin catalog. These can be extremely useful for finding coins based on their size, weight, and markings. Another option is to use online databases, which often allow you to search by country, period, or even specific mint marks. Websites like Numista are excellent for identifying coins from all over the world.

Once you’ve identified your coin, you can dig a little deeper into its background. Whether you’ve stumbled upon a common find or a rare gem, knowing the coin’s history adds an extra layer of excitement to your discovery.

Researching Value and Historical Significance

For coins with unique features, rare mint marks, or those in remarkable condition, it’s worth looking into their value. A good place to start is eBay. But, here’s the trick: don’t just look at what people are listing their coins for – that’s often inflated or unrealistic. Instead, search for your coin by date and type, and then refine the search by selecting Completed Listings. This will show you what similar coins have actually sold for, giving you a much more accurate estimate of the coin’s value. It’s a small step that can save you a lot of confusion about the coin’s real worth!

For higher-value coins, consider consulting a professional appraiser. They can give you a more precise valuation, especially if you’re thinking of selling the coin or just want to know what it’s truly worth.

Bonus Tips from Experienced Detectorists

Over the years, seasoned metal detectorists have picked up plenty of clever – and sometimes downright strange – methods for cleaning their finds. While some of these tips can be surprisingly effective, others fall into the “try at your own risk” category. Let’s dive into a few that have been passed around the community.

The Cola Bath Method

One of the quirkiest cleaning methods you’ll hear about is the cola bath. Yes, people actually soak coins in fizzy drinks to remove grime and tarnish. The acid in cola can break down dirt and oxidation, leaving coins with a fresh shine. But here’s the catch: cola is an acid, and while it can work on some coins, it can also eat away at others, especially copper and brass. This method might leave you with a coin that’s shinier – but also damaged beyond repair. So, unless you’re working with modern, low-value coins, it’s best to keep your cola in the fridge where it belongs.

Baking Soda Paste

Some detectorists swear by making a paste with baking soda and water to gently rub onto coins. It can work well for modern, sturdy coins but should be avoided on older, valuable ones. Baking soda is mildly abrasive and can scratch the surface if used too aggressively. If you decide to give it a try, make sure you’re extremely gentle!

Toothpaste for Tarnish

Another common method involves using toothpaste as a cleaner. The idea is that toothpaste’s mild abrasiveness will help scrub away tarnish. However, just like baking soda, toothpaste can cause fine scratches, particularly on silver coins. It’s not the worst idea, but it’s certainly not recommended for anything beyond pocket change.

At the end of the day, seasoned detectorists will tell you that the safest approach is often the gentlest. When in doubt, stick to soft brushes, water, and a whole lot of patience!

Conclusion

When it comes to cleaning coins found while metal detecting, caution and patience are your best allies. Proper cleaning can help bring out the beauty of your finds, but it’s important to remember that every coin tells a story – and cleaning it the wrong way can erase that story in an instant. Whether you’re working with a copper penny or a silver shilling, always choose gentle methods, and when in doubt, leave it as is. For rare or valuable coins, it’s often better to seek professional advice before doing anything that might reduce their value.

Preserving your coins is just as important as cleaning them. Taking the time to store them properly with the right tools and materials will keep your collection looking its best for years to come.

We’d love to hear about your favorite cleaning methods or any success stories (or horror stories!) you’ve had with your latest metal detecting finds. Feel free to drop a comment below and share your tips, or ask for advice on a tricky coin you’ve uncovered!

FAQ: How to Clean Coins Found While Metal Detecting

1. Can I clean all coins the same way?
   • No, different metals require different cleaning methods. For example, silver, copper, and gold all react differently to cleaning products, so it’s important to tailor your approach.
2. Is it okay to clean valuable or rare coins?
   • Cleaning rare coins can lower their value. It’s best to consult a professional before cleaning any coin that may hold significant value.
3. What’s the safest way to clean silver coins?
   • Distilled water and a soft brush are your safest bets. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive tools that could damage the coin’s surface.
4. Can I use household products like vinegar or lemon juice to clean coins?
   • While these acids can remove dirt, they can also cause irreversible damage, especially to copper and brass coins. It’s best to avoid them.
5. What should I use to store my coins after cleaning?
   • Airtight containers or coin capsules are ideal for preventing future corrosion, and adding silica gel packets can help absorb moisture.